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面向视野约束和轨迹平滑的双层视觉伺服方法

A dual-layer visual servoing scheme oriented to FOV constraints and trajectory smoothness

  • 摘要: 针对受限环境下基于图像的视觉伺服在大初始偏差和视野边界邻域内易出现特征越界、图像轨迹突变及执行速度不连续等问题,本文提出一种虚拟特征保护层和预测优化层协同的双层视觉伺服方法。首先在虚拟特征保护层中构建虚拟特征保护映射方法,当特征点进入预设危险区域时,利用虚拟特征反馈引导控制输入,将图像特征逐步拉回安全视野范围。其次在预测优化层中设计基于模型预测控制的硬约束二次规划控制器,将视野约束、图像步长约束和速度变化率约束统一纳入优化过程。实验结果表明,本文方法能够有效减少视野越界,在保证特征可见性的同时抑制控制输入突变,从而显著提升运动轨迹在图像空间和笛卡尔空间的连续性。

     

    Abstract: In constrained environments, image-based visual servoing is prone to feature boundary violations, abrupt image-trajectory changes, and discontinuous execution velocities under large initial deviations and near field-of-view boundaries. To address these issues, this paper proposes a dual-layer visual servoing method that coordinates a virtual feature protection layer with a predictive optimization layer. First, a virtual-feature protection mapping is constructed in the protection layer. When feature points enter a predefined danger region, virtual-feature feedback is used to guide the control input, gradually pulling the image features back into the safe FOV. Second, a hard-constrained quadratic programming controller based on model predictive control is designed in the optimization layer, where FOV constraints, image-step constraints, and velocity change-rate constraints are uniformly incorporated into the optimization process. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively reduces FOV violations and suppresses abrupt control-input variations while maintaining feature visibility, thereby significantly improving the continuity of motion trajectories in both image space and Cartesian space.

     

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